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Freedom of Expression in Czech republic
Havlíček, Radek ; Kudrna, Jan (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee)
The aim of thesis Freedom of Expression in Czech republic is to provide an up-to-date approach to one of the most important human rights. The thesis focuses more on the application side, so we do not find the historical genesis of the right or its sources of thought. On the contrary, we will find theoretical backgrounds reflected in the normative development, as well as in the application practice of courts and administrative authorities. Application means, in particular, the judicial balancing of the right to freedom of expression, most often with personality rights, as well as the implementation of various represive measures across the legal order. In certain sub-topics, it should introduce the upcoming legislation and draw attention to some problems that the legislators are dragging their feet in solving. The thesis is structured in ten chapters. The first five chapters discuss the general background of freedom of expression and put it in the context of domestic and European case law. The first chapter defines speech, summarises its sub-aspects and points out the difference between conduct and speech. The second chapter defines what is meant by freedom. The third chapter provides a summary of the most important international treaties that guarantee freedom of expression and describes their...
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The EU response to the development in Belarus in 2021: the human rights scope
Kotielnikova, Olha ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Góra, Magdalena (referee)
European Politics and Society: Václav Havel Joint Master Programme Charles University The EU response to the development in Belarus in 2021: the human rights scope Master's Thesis Abstract Author: Olha Kotielnikova Supervisor: Mgr. Daniela Kolenovská, Ph.D. Year of defence: 2022 Length of the thesis: 18892 words Abstract Human rights abuse in Belarus has again become a topical issue on the European Union's agenda alongside political rights violations since 2020. The Union sees its role in influencing the internal policy of the proclaimed Belarusian government for it to start respecting human rights. As a united body, it has instruments to exercise its foreign policy instruments, such as restrictive measures, negotiations, and communication. The dynamics of their usage have been changing, but there is still potential to review and adapt possible European responses. Keywords European Union, Belarus, foreign policy, human rights, human rights defence, resolution, sanctions, restrictive measures.
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Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials
Matocha, Jakub ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials The global trade with military materials is an important, however often under- researched, area of academic enquiry. Such attitude is not correct, because in fact it is a massive global industry in which also Czech companies play a significant role. Given the newspaper headlines and statements of arms dealer, it is obvious there have long been unsolved problems burdening arms dealers caused especially by an inappropriate legal framework. This theses aims to provide an analysis of legal framework in respect to cross-border movement of military materials covering especially European and Czech legislation focusing on its potential limits arising and important for arms dealers. On a global international level the Arms Trade Treaty and other relevant treaties regulating international trade with military materials are identified and described. Attention is also paid to limitations of arms trade such as embargoes or restrictive measures imposed by the UN and the EU respectively as well as to limitations resulting from domestic and European legislation or from its different interpretation. In view of different legal framework this thesis strictly distinguishes whether a movement is realized, while particular law is adequately reflected. There...
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Social assistance for seniors
Trnková, Šárka ; Koldinská, Kristina (advisor) ; Munková, Gabriela (referee)
1 "Social assistance for seniors" Abstract The rigorous thesis aims at the theme of social services and care allowance in connection to care towards specific social services clients who are the elderly. The aging of population is the very actual topic not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad. The Czech population grows. However, the growth within the group of elderly is considerable compared to others. According to the forecasts, the population will still be getting older, and that will result in a greater need for care of the elderly. The rigorous thesis consists of six parts. The first chapter deals with the aging and old age, including the ageism phenomenon, and outlines social assistance for the elderly as a part of the social security system of the Czech Republic. The second chapter aims at social services not only from the view of users (the elderly) but also of social services providers. The author has tried to analyse the potential difficulties of social work. The system of social services financing is also mentioned. The third chapter describes care allowance, eligibility for it, its control, and use. The rigorous thesis identifies deficiencies in the legal framework and outlines the de lege ferenda solution; both are crucial for the work. The fourth chapter includes demographical and...
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The European Union as a Foreign Policy Actor on the Sanctions Scene: The Case of Burma
Růžičková, Jana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hyniová, Andrea (referee)
In connection with its foreign policy, the European Union was until 2003 often seen as an actor lacking basically any "hard" power and it was often labeled as a "normative" power, "civilian" power etc. However, a group of scholars led by Ian Manners has been claiming that in connection with the adoption of the European Security Strategy in December 2003 the EU has lost its "soft" characteristics and has moved closer towards a traditional military actor. The master thesis deals with this issue of the alleged militarization of the Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) after 2003/2004 while focusing on one particular area of the CFSP - the policy of restrictive measures or sanctions. This area is unique because of its special characteristic: on one hand, sanctions as such represent a "hard", coercive foreign policy tool and on the other, the EU has been autonomously using them already since the 1980s. The question therefore is what the frequent use of sanctions implies about the character of the EU and whether does the policy of restrictive measures stand, as a matter of principle, in opposition to being a "soft" power. By means of discourse analysis of the official EU sanction documents and by using the case of Burma (which represents a "typical case"), the thesis attempts to demonstrate,...
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Social assistance for seniors
Trnková, Šárka ; Koldinská, Kristina (advisor) ; Munková, Gabriela (referee)
1 "Social assistance for seniors" Abstract The rigorous thesis aims at the theme of social services and care allowance in connection to care towards specific social services clients who are the elderly. The aging of population is the very actual topic not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad. The Czech population grows. However, the growth within the group of elderly is considerable compared to others. According to the forecasts, the population will still be getting older, and that will result in a greater need for care of the elderly. The rigorous thesis consists of six parts. The first chapter deals with the aging and old age, including the ageism phenomenon, and outlines social assistance for the elderly as a part of the social security system of the Czech Republic. The second chapter aims at social services not only from the view of users (the elderly) but also of social services providers. The author has tried to analyse the potential difficulties of social work. The system of social services financing is also mentioned. The third chapter describes care allowance, eligibility for it, its control, and use. The rigorous thesis identifies deficiencies in the legal framework and outlines the de lege ferenda solution; both are crucial for the work. The fourth chapter includes demographical and...
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A Legitimacy Analysis of EU Sanctions
Šaturová, Gabriela ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Young, Mitchell (referee)
Political legitimacy has often been addressed in terms of the legitimacy of actors, while the legitimacy of policies as such is relatively neglected. This thesis argues that an analytical distinction between the categories of the actor and its action is necessary, since an actor's legitimacy does not automatically imply the legitimacy of its behaviour; furthermore, in real social discourse, actions are not exempt from legitimacy judgments. The ambition of the thesis is to make use of this research gap and to examine one of the most important tools of the EU's foreign policy by means of an analytical framework of political legitimacy. The selected cases are the current episode of CFSP sanctions against Russia; "appropriate measures" under the ACP Partnership agreement against Zimbabwe; and the informal arms embargo against China. Sanctions dealt with in the first two cases are deemed legitimate, while the arms embargo on China failed to meet the legitimacy criteria. Apart from the findings on legitimacy, two major conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: The lack of internal coherence is impairing the legitimacy of the EU's political measures; and the imposition of sanctions through an institutionalised political framework enhances their transparency in contrast to informal measures.
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Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials
Matocha, Jakub ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials The global trade with military materials is an important, however often under- researched, area of academic enquiry. Such attitude is not correct, because in fact it is a massive global industry in which also Czech companies play a significant role. Given the newspaper headlines and statements of arms dealer, it is obvious there have long been unsolved problems burdening arms dealers caused especially by an inappropriate legal framework. This theses aims to provide an analysis of legal framework in respect to cross-border movement of military materials covering especially European and Czech legislation focusing on its potential limits arising and important for arms dealers. On a global international level the Arms Trade Treaty and other relevant treaties regulating international trade with military materials are identified and described. Attention is also paid to limitations of arms trade such as embargoes or restrictive measures imposed by the UN and the EU respectively as well as to limitations resulting from domestic and European legislation or from its different interpretation. In view of different legal framework this thesis strictly distinguishes whether a movement is realized, while particular law is adequately reflected. There...
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The European Union as a Foreign Policy Actor on the Sanctions Scene: The Case of Burma
Růžičková, Jana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hyniová, Andrea (referee)
In connection with its foreign policy, the European Union was until 2003 often seen as an actor lacking basically any "hard" power and it was often labeled as a "normative" power, "civilian" power etc. However, a group of scholars led by Ian Manners has been claiming that in connection with the adoption of the European Security Strategy in December 2003 the EU has lost its "soft" characteristics and has moved closer towards a traditional military actor. The master thesis deals with this issue of the alleged militarization of the Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) after 2003/2004 while focusing on one particular area of the CFSP - the policy of restrictive measures or sanctions. This area is unique because of its special characteristic: on one hand, sanctions as such represent a "hard", coercive foreign policy tool and on the other, the EU has been autonomously using them already since the 1980s. The question therefore is what the frequent use of sanctions implies about the character of the EU and whether does the policy of restrictive measures stand, as a matter of principle, in opposition to being a "soft" power. By means of discourse analysis of the official EU sanction documents and by using the case of Burma (which represents a "typical case"), the thesis attempts to demonstrate,...
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